The only biography of Stirner is John Henry Mackay, Max Stirner: sein Leben und sein Werke (Berlin, 1898); it has not been translated into English. It remains the only significant source on Stirner. Paul Lauterbach, in his introduction to the 1892 Reclam edition of Der Einzige, thought it was ironic that Stirner dedicated his book to his second wife, Marie Dähnhardt, whose education, background and interests hardly suggested she was capable of grasping more than a very scant portion of it. Lauterbach recalled the old Spanish saying, "da Dios almendras al que no tiene muelas" ("God gives almonds to him who has no teeth"). Lauterbach, "Kurze Einführung zum 'Einzige und sein Eigentum,'" Reclam edition, p.10.
Hermann Schultheiss, Stirner: Grundlagen zum Verständnis des Werkes "Der Einzige und sein Eigentum," (2nd ed., Leipzig, 1922), p.9.
Critics such as Kuno Fischer insisted that the proper antecedent of Stirner was the French philosopher of the Enlightenment, Claude Adrien Helvétius (1712-1771), especially in his work De l'Esprit (1758), which in one sense produced the same sensation in its time as Der Einzige.
Basch, L'Individualisme Anarchiste Max Stirner (Paris, 1904).
Ruge, long active in German literary affairs, edited the Hallische Jahrbücher für deutsche Wissenschaft und Kunst from 1838 until mid-1841. From that time until the end of 1842 it was titled the Deutsche Jahrbücher für Wissenschaft und Kunst, and was suspended after the issue of December, 1842. Ruge's collaboration with Karl Marx in publishing the equally-shortlived Deutsch-französische Jahrbücher in Paris in 1844 is discussed in another context. Early pieces by Stirner appear in the first two of these.
On these fugitive fragments of Stirner see Mackay (ed.), Max Stirners kleinere Schriften und sein Entgegnungen auf die Kritik seines Werkes (2nd ed., Berlin, 1914); Anselm Ruest, Stirnerbrevier: die Stärke des Ensamen Max Stirners Individualismus und Egoismus (Berlin, 1906); same author, Max Stirner: Leben -- Weltanschauung -- Vermächtnis (Berlin, 1906); Stirner, Das unwahre Prinzip unsere Erziehung (with foreword "In Memoriam Max Stirner" by Willy Storrer) (Basel, 1926).
Liberty, vol. 16 (April, 1907), p.1.
See the editor's preface to Paul Eltzbacher, Anarchism (New York: Libertarian Book Club, 1960), pp. xii-xiv, for an account of this event and related matters.
The 1913-15 editions were by E.C. Walker in New York and A.C. Fifield in London; Boni and Liveright issued the book three years later in the Modern Library series.
See Max Messer, Max Stirner (Berlin, 1907), a brief appreciative study edited by Brandes.
Paris, 1904. Lévy appended an exhaustive list of all the books Nietzsche had charged out of the university library at Basel between 1869 and 1879 as evidence that he had not taken out Stirner's book during this important period, as well as giving a thorough look at the literary influences on Nietzsche.
See Carus, Nietzsche and Other Exponents of Individualism (Chicago, 1914).
NOTE: Stirner's original footnotes have been reproduced and stand without enclosures. Byington's notes are enclosed in parentheses, while the editor's annotations are enclosed in brackets.
Hook, Towards the Understanding of Karl Marx: A Revolutionary Interpretation (New York, 1933), pp.66, 148-150. There is a further elaboration by Hook in his From Hegel to Marx (New York, 1936). It is instructive to note Hook in the first title above spelled the title of Stirner's book Das Einzige und sein Eigentum.
Read, "Max Stirner," reprinted in his The Tenth Muse: Essays in Criticism (New York, 1958), pp.74-82.
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